¶ Obstructive
e.g. COPD

• hyperinflation
(d.t. increased inspiratory efforts + increased RV)
• can’t get air out
(d.t. decrease elastic recoil of lungs)

This leads to Barrel chest deformity.

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs):
FEV low
FVC normal
FEV/FVC low

¶ Restrictive
e.g. IPF, Sarcoidosis, Occupational diseases, Pneumothorax, Pleural effusion, Empyema (Pyothorax)

• Diminished airflow IN & OUT
(d.t. restriction of expansion from outside or inside)
• Hypoinflation

This leads to a Smaller chest.

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs):
FEV low
FVC low
FEV/FVC normal